Ikibazo: Nagerageje kumva uburyo radiyo igoramye (nkuko nabigaragaje) mubicapiro bifitanye isano no guhitamo ibikoresho. Kurugero, kuri ubu dufite ibibazo nibice bimwe bikozwe muri 0.5 ″ A36 ibyuma. Dukoresha 0.5 ″ diameter gukubita ibice. radiyo na santimetero 4. gupfa. Noneho niba nkoresheje amategeko 20% nkagwiza na santimetero 4. Iyo nongeye gufungura gufungura 15% (kubyuma), mbona santimetero 0,6. Ariko nigute umukoresha yamenya gukoresha 0.5 ″ radius punch mugihe icapiro risaba radiyo 0,6 ″?
Igisubizo: Wavuze imwe mubibazo bikomeye byugarije inganda zicyuma. Ibi nibitekerezo bitari byo abajenjeri n'amaduka y'ibicuruzwa bagomba guhangana nabyo. Kugirango ukosore ibi, tuzatangirana nintandaro, uburyo bubiri bwo gushiraho, kandi ntitwumve itandukaniro riri hagati yabo.
Kuva haza imashini zunama mu myaka ya za 1920 kugeza nubu, abashoramari babumbabumbye ibice bifite epfo na ruguru. Nubwo kunama hasi byavuye mumyambarire mumyaka 20 kugeza 30 ishize, uburyo bwo kugunama buracengera mubitekerezo byacu mugihe twunamye ibyuma.
Ibikoresho byo gusya neza byinjiye ku isoko mu mpera za za 70 bihindura paradigm. Reka rero turebere hamwe uburyo ibikoresho bisobanutse bitandukanye nibikoresho byateguwe, uburyo kwimuka kubikoresho bisobanutse byahinduye inganda, nuburyo byose bifitanye isano nikibazo cyawe.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, ibumba ryahinduwe riva kuri feri ya feri ihinduka imiterere ya V ipfa gukubitwa. Impamyabumenyi ya dogere 90 izakoreshwa hamwe na 90 bipfa. Inzibacyuho kuva mububiko kugeza kumurongo yari intambwe nini igana kumpapuro. Birihuta, igice kubera ko feri nshya yatejwe imbere ikoreshwa namashanyarazi - ntagishobora kunama buri ntoki. Byongeye kandi, feri yisahani irashobora kugororwa uhereye hepfo, igatezimbere neza. Usibye gusubira inyuma, ubwiyongere bwukuri bushobora guterwa nuko punch ikanda radiyo yayo imbere yimbere yimbere yibikoresho. Ibi bigerwaho mugukoresha isonga ryigikoresho kubyimbye byibintu bitarenze ubunini bwibintu. Twese tuzi ko niba dushobora kugera kumurongo uhoraho imbere ya radiyo, dushobora kubara indangagaciro zikwiye zo gukuramo kugorora, amafaranga yo kugoboka, kugabanuka hanze hamwe na K ibintu tutitaye kubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose dukora.
Kenshi cyane ibice bifite radiyo ityaye imbere. Ababikora, abashushanya nubukorikori bari bazi ko igice kizakomeza kuko ibintu byose byasaga nkaho byubatswe - kandi mubyukuri byari byibuze ugereranije nuyu munsi.
Byose nibyiza kugeza ikintu cyiza kiza. Intambwe ikurikiraho yaje mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70 hashyizweho ibikoresho byubutaka byuzuye, imashini igenzura mudasobwa, hamwe na hydraulic igezweho. Noneho ufite igenzura ryuzuye kuri feri yo gukanda na sisitemu zayo. Ariko aho utangirira ni igikoresho gisobanutse neza gihindura byose. Amategeko yose yo gukora ibice byubuziranenge yarahindutse.
Amateka yo gushinga yuzuye gusimbuka. Mu gusimbuka rimwe, twavuye kuri flex radii idahuye kuri feri ya plaque tujya kuri radiyo imwe ya flex yakozwe hakoreshejwe kashe, priming no gushushanya. .
Ubu buryo busaba tonnage ihambaye kugirango ibice. Birumvikana, muburyo bwinshi iyi ni inkuru mbi kuri feri yo gukanda, igikoresho cyangwa igice. Nyamara, bakomeje kuba uburyo busanzwe bwo kugonda ibyuma mugihe cyimyaka 60 kugeza igihe inganda zateye intambwe ikurikira igana ikirere.
None, gukora ikirere ni iki (cyangwa kugonda ikirere)? Nigute ikora ugereranije na flex yo hepfo? Gusimbuka byongeye guhindura uburyo radii yaremye. Noneho, aho gushyira kashe ya radiyo y'imbere yunamye, umwuka ukora "kureremba" imbere ya radiyo nkijanisha ryo gufungura cyangwa intera iri hagati yamaboko apfa (reba Ishusho 1).
Igicapo 1. Mu kugonda ikirere, radiyo y'imbere igoramye igenwa n'ubugari bw'urupfu, ntabwo ari isonga rya punch. Iradiyo "ireremba" mubugari bwuburyo. Mubyongeyeho, ubujyakuzimu bwinjira (kandi ntabwo bupfa) bugena inguni yibikorwa byunamye.
Ibikoresho byacu ni ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya bifite imbaraga zingana na 60.000 psi hamwe numwuka ukora radiyo igera kuri 16% yumwobo. Ijanisha riratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibintu, amazi, imiterere nibindi biranga. Bitewe no gutandukanya impapuro ubwazo, ijanisha ryahanuwe ntirizigera ritungana. Ariko, birasobanutse neza.
Umwuka woroshye wa aluminiyumu ukora radiyo ya 13% kugeza kuri 15% yo gufungura. Ibikoresho bishyushye byuzuye kandi bisizwe amavuta bifite radiyo yo guhumeka ya 14% kugeza 16% byugurura urupfu. Ibyuma bikonje bikonje (imbaraga zacu zifatika ni 60.000 psi) zikorwa numwuka uri mumirasire ya 15% kugeza 17% byugurura urupfu. 304 ibyuma bidafite umuyaga byerekana radiyo ni 20% kugeza 22% byumwobo. Na none, iyi ijanisha rifite urutonde rwindangagaciro kubera itandukaniro ryibikoresho. Kugirango umenye ijanisha ryibindi bikoresho, urashobora kugereranya imbaraga zacyo zingana na 60 KSI imbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho byacu. Kurugero, niba ibikoresho byawe bifite imbaraga zingana na 120-KSI, ijanisha rigomba kuba hagati ya 31% na 33%.
Reka tuvuge ko ibyuma bya karubone bifite imbaraga zingana na 60.000 psi, umubyimba wa santimetero 0,062, nicyo bita radiyo y'imbere ya santimetero 0.062. Bunamye hejuru ya V-umwobo wa 0.472 bapfa kandi formulaire yavuyemo izasa nkiyi:
Imbere yawe igoramye rero izaba 0.075 ″ ushobora gukoresha mukubara indamunite zunamye, K ibintu, gukurura no kugabanura gukuramo hamwe nukuri, nukuvuga niba umukoresha wawe wa feri yawe akoresha ibikoresho byiza kandi agashushanya ibice bikikije ibikoresho abakoresha babikora Byakoreshejwe.
Kurugero, umukoresha akoresha santimetero 0.472. Gufungura kashe. Umukoresha yinjiye mu biro ati: “Houston, dufite ikibazo. Ni 0.075. ” Ingaruka ya radiyo? Birasa nkaho dufite ikibazo rwose; tujya he gushaka umwe muribo? Ikintu cya hafi dushobora kubona ni 0.078. “Cyangwa 0.062. 0.078 muri. Radiyo ya punch ni nini cyane, 0.062 muri. Radiyo ya punch ni nto cyane. ”
Ariko ubu ni amahitamo atari yo. Kubera iki? Radiyo ya punch ntabwo irema imbere imbere. Wibuke, ntabwo tuvuga kuri flex yo hepfo, yego, inama ya rutahizamu nicyo kintu gifata umwanzuro. Turimo kuvuga kubyerekeye umwuka. Ubugari bwa matrix butanga radiyo; igikuba nikintu gisunika gusa. Menya kandi ko impande zipfa zitagira ingaruka kumaradiyo yimbere. Urashobora gukoresha acute, V-shusho, cyangwa umuyoboro wa matrices; niba byose uko ari bitatu bifite ubugari bumwe bupfa, uzabona kimwe imbere muri bend radius.
Radiyo ya punch igira ingaruka kubisubizo, ariko ntabwo aribintu byerekana radiyo yunamye. Noneho, niba ukoze radiyo nini kuruta radiyo ireremba, igice kizafata radiyo nini. Ibi bihindura amafaranga yo kugoreka, kugabanuka, K ibintu, no kugabanywa. Nibyiza, ubwo ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza, nibyo? Urumva - ubu ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza.
Bite ho mugihe dukoresheje santimetero 0.062? umwobo? Iyi hit izaba nziza. Kubera iki? Kuberako, byibuze iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byateguwe, ni hafi bishoboka kuri radiyo isanzwe "ireremba" imbere. Imikoreshereze yiyi punch muriyi porogaramu igomba gutanga ihamye kandi ihamye.
Byiza, ugomba guhitamo punch ya radiyo yegera, ariko ntirenze, radiyo yikintu kireremba. Gutoya ya radiyo ntoya ugereranije na float bend radius, niko bigenda bihindagurika kandi byahanurwa kugoreka bizaba, cyane cyane niba urangije kunama cyane. Ibipfunsi bigufi cyane bizajanjagura ibintu kandi bitume bigoramye bikabije kandi bidasubirwaho.
Abantu benshi barambajije impamvu ubunini bwibintu bifite akamaro gusa muguhitamo umwobo. Ijanisha ryakoreshejwe mu guhanura umwuka ukora radiyo yibwira ko ifumbire ikoreshwa ifite ifungura ifungura ikwiranye nubunini bwibintu. Ni ukuvuga, umwobo wa matrix ntuzaba munini cyangwa muto kuruta uko wifuzwa.
Nubwo ushobora kugabanya cyangwa kongera ubunini bwububiko, radii ikunda guhinduka, igahindura byinshi mubikorwa byimikorere. Urashobora kandi kubona ingaruka zisa niba ukoresheje radiyo itari yo. Rero, intangiriro nziza ni itegeko ryintoki kugirango uhitemo gupfa gufungura inshuro umunani ubunini bwibintu.
Nibyiza, injeniyeri bazaza kumaduka bavugane nuwashinzwe gufata feri. Menya neza ko buriwese azi gutandukanya uburyo bwo kubumba. Shakisha uburyo bakoresha nibikoresho bakoresha. Shakisha urutonde rwibipfunsi byose bipfe bafite, hanyuma ushushanye igice ukurikije ayo makuru. Noneho, mubyangombwa, andika ingumi hanyuma upfe bikenewe mugutunganya neza igice. Birumvikana ko ushobora kuba ufite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha mugihe ugomba guhindura ibikoresho byawe, ariko ibi bigomba kuba bidasanzwe aho kuba itegeko.
Abakora, nzi ko mwese mwiyitirira, Nanjye ubwanjye nari umwe muri bo! Ariko hashize iminsi ushobora guhitamo ibikoresho ukunda. Ariko, kubwirwa igikoresho cyo gukoresha mugushushanya igice ntigaragaza ubuhanga bwawe. Nukuri mubuzima. Ubu twakozwe mu mwuka muto kandi ntitukigoramye. Amategeko yarahindutse.
FABRICATOR nikinyamakuru cyambere cyo gukora ibyuma no gukora ibyuma muri Amerika ya ruguru. Ikinyamakuru gisohora amakuru, ingingo za tekiniki n'amateka y'imanza zifasha ababikora gukora akazi kabo neza. FABRICATOR ikorera inganda kuva 1970.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2023